Cancer: Types, Causes, Diagnosis As Well As Handling
· Cancer is an abnormal too uncontrolled multiplication of cells resulting inwards the formation of tumor.
· Normal cells exhibit a contact inhibition (contact alongside the other cells inhibits their uncontrolled growth). Cancer cells seem to bring lost this property.
· Tumors are two types:
o Benign: Confined to the house of its origin. Harmless.
o Malignant: Spread too invade nearby tissues. Harmful.
· Metastasis: The spread of cancer cells from i utilisation of the trunk to another.
Types of cancer
o Carcinoma : cancer of epithelial cells
o Sarcoma : cancer of connection tissues.
o Melanomas : cancer of melanocytes
o Leukemia : blood cancer
o Lymphomas : cancer of spleen too lymph nodes.
Causes of cancer (Carcinogens)
§ Chemical agents: Tobacco fume (major displace of lung cancer), vinyl chloride, caffeine, nicotine, mustard gas etc.
§ Biological agents: E.g. oncogenic viruses, cellular oncogenes (c-onc or proto oncogenes) etc. When C-onc (in normal cells) is activated the cells becomes oncogenic.
Cancer detection too diagnosis
o Biopsy: A sparse slice of the suspected tissue is stained too examined nether microscope (histopathological studies).
In illustration of leukemia: Biopsy & histopathological studies. Blood & os marrow tests for increased prison theatre cellphone counts.
o Radiography (use of X-rays), CT (Computerized tomo-graphy) scan & MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging).
o Use of Antibodies against cancer-specific antigens.
o Techniques of molecular biology to let on genes related to cancer. Such individuals may move advised to avoid exposure to item carcinogens (e.g. tobacco smoke).
Treatment of cancer
o Chemotherapy: Use of chemotherapeutic drugs. Many drugs bring side effects similar pilus loss, anaemia etc.
o Immunotherapy: The patients are given biological reply modifiers (e.g. α- interferon) which activates their immune organization too helps inwards destroying the tumor.
o Surgery.
o Most cancers are treated by combination of surgery, radiotherapy too chemotherapy.
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