List Of Viral Diseases Inward Human: Pathogen, Incubation Period, Transmission, Symptoms, Prophylaxis Too Treatment
Diseases & Pathogen | Incubation menstruation & Epidemiology | Symptoms | Prophylaxis & Treatment |
| Pathogen: | 29 months inward adults, 12 months inward children. In homosexuals or bisexual men, drug users who purpose mutual syringes, babies born mothers alongside AIDS, hemophiliacs as well as persons alongside coagulation disorders. (intimate contact of torso secretions such every bit blood, semen, saliva, stool & urine) | Loss of immune power. Patient passes yellowish urine as well as white stool. Weight loss, swollen glands, diarrhea, fever as well as dark sweat, oral candidiasis. Dementia | Diagnosis: ELISA attempt out (Enzyme-linked immune-sorbent Assay). Prevention: · Educate peoples most AIDS. · Making blood (from blood banks) safe from HIV. · Use of disposable needles as well as syringes. · Advocating safe gender activity as well as complimentary distribution of condoms. · Controlling drug abuse. · Regular check-ups for HIV inward susceptible population. Treatment: Anti-viral drugs partially effective. They tin exclusively prolong the life of the patient. Several drugs are nether investigation. |
2. Avian flu (H5N1) Pathogen: H5N1 virus | Contact alongside infected poultry. Air borne spread | Low pathogenic avian flu (LPAI) A: Conjunctivitis, influenza-like illness (fever, cough, sore throat, musculus aches), lower respiratory affliction (pneumonia). Highly pathogenic avian flu (HPAI) A: Conjunctivitis, influenza-like illness, severe respiratory illness (e.g. shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, pneumonia, needlelike respiratory distress, viral pneumonia, respiratory failure) alongside multi-organ disease, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting as well as sometimes neurologic changes (altered mental status, seizures). | CDC currently recommends oseltamivir, peramivir, or zanamivir. |
| | 14-16 days Host: to a greater extent than often than non children of 10 years. Infection is past times contact | Dark ruby rash or pox, changing to pustules which are get-go transparent (tear drib vesicles), afterwards locomote cloudy inward 24 hrs. | Prophylaxis: Now vaccine available. Passive immunity is induced past times ZIG (Zoster Immunoglobulin) |
4. Chikungunya Pathogen: Chikungunya (CHIK) Virus | 3–7 days. Aedes musquito biting | Fever as well as articulation pain. Headache, musculus pain, articulation swelling, or rash. | No medicine. Decrease the symptoms: Rest Drink fluids to preclude dehydration Take medicines, (ibuprofen, naproxen, acetaminophen, or paracetamol) to preserve fever as well as pain. |
| Pathogen: | Disease of the upper respiratory arrangement (nose as well as throat) Last for 3-7 days | Rapidly rising fever, chills, as well as torso as well as musculus aches. Nasal congestion as well as discharge, sore throat, hoarseness, cough, headache, tiredness etc. | Drink enough of fluids, rest, purpose painkillers (paracetamol as well as ibuprofen), decongestants |
| Pathogen: | 4-6 days. Vector: Aedes aegypti mosquito | Sudden high fever, Severe headache, Pain behind the eyes, Severe articulation as well as musculus pain, Fatigue, Nausea, Vomiting, Skin rash, which appears 2-5 days after the onset of fever, Mild haemorrhage (such a olfactory organ bleed, haemorrhage gums, or slow bruising). Decreased platelet count. | No antiviral treatment. Control fever as well as hurting alongside paracetamol rather than aspirin (aspirin may promote bleeding), as well as increasing fluid intake. Prevention: People experiencing fever should non endure inward an environs where they may endure bitten past times mosquitoes. There is no vaccine. Personal protection as well as musquito control. |
| Pathogen: Ebolavirus (EBOV) | Initial symptoms are flu-like: sudden onset of fever, musculus aches as well as pains, tiredness, headache. On progresses: diarrhea, vomiting, headache as well as confusion, rash, sore pharynx as well as cough, extreme tiredness as well as collapse. Some people may receive got haemorrhage problems, multi-organ failure as well as death. | Diagnosis: PCR on a blood specimen. Incubation period: From 2 to 21 days, most unremarkably 8 to 10 days. Treatment: get handling as well as avoid spreading the affliction to others. Prevention: Isolate the patients. Health aid workers should purpose manus hygiene as well as appropriate personal protective equipment. Males who receive got had Ebola virus affliction should purpose a condom. Those who take in an surface area where Ebola virus affliction occurs should non swallow raw or undercooked ‘bush meat’ including ape, monkey or bat. People should non receive got contact (or eat) alongside blood, meat or torso fluids of animals which exhibit signs of Ebola virus disease. | |
8. Encephalitis Pathogen: Aribo viruses similar alpha virus | Vectors: Culex & Aedes Host: adult man as well as little mammals | High fever, headache, drowsiness as well as inflammation of encephalon often fatal. | No specific treatment |
9. Epstein-Barr Virus Infectious Mononucleosis (Mono/ the kissing disease/ Pfeiffer's disease/ inward British English, glandular fever) Pathogen: | · Through saliva or blood, often through kissing, or past times sharing a drinking glass, an eating utensil or a needle. · Also spread through coughing or sneezing. | Most mutual inward adolescents as well as immature adults, characterized past times fever, sore pharynx as well as fatigue. | No drugs as well as vaccination. Wash hands as well as receive got proficient hygiene to preclude the spread of infection. |
| Pathogen: | Incubation period: 2-3 weeks Contagious Via olfactory organ or throat | Enlargement of lymph nodes inward the cervix as well as a widespread pinkish rash. Headache, sore pharynx as well as slight pain. | Immunization |
| Pathogen: | Transmission: Faecal-oral · Contaminated food, potable as well as eating utensils · Hands contaminated via contact alongside nappies, toys or towels unclean alongside faeces from an infected person · Oral/anal sexual contact · Sewage-contaminated H2O or shellfish · Travel to countries where hepatitis A is endemic · Injecting as well as non-injecting drug use. | Fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, loss of appetite as well as low-grade fever, hurting inward the abdomen, joints, or muscles, diarrhoea, nausea, or vomiting, fatigue, fever, or loss of appetite, dark urine, weight loss, or yellowish peel as well as eyes | The hepatitis A vaccine is typically given inward ii doses - initial vaccination followed past times a booster shot 6 months later. |
| Pathogen: | · Blood-to-blood · Sharing injecting equipment · Unprotected sex · Mother-to-baby transmission at or around the fourth dimension of birth · Child-to-child contact through opened upwards sores as well as wounds · Tattooing or torso piercing · Household contact – sharing razors as well as toothbrushes | Yellowing of the eyes, abdominal hurting as well as dark urine. Some people, especially children, don't experience whatever symptoms. In chronic cases, liver failure, cancer or scarring tin occur. Pain inward the abdomen, fatigue, feeling tired, loss of appetite, or malaise, fluid inward the abdomen or nausea, spider web of swollen blood vessels inward the peel or yellowish peel as well as eyes, dark urine, itching, or swelling | The hepatitis B vaccine is typically given every bit iii or 4 injections over 6 months. |
| Pathogen: | · Blood-to-blood contact · Sharing injecting equipment · tattooing, torso piercing or acupuncture | Most people receive got no symptoms. Fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite as well as yellowing of the eyes as well as skin, bleeding, bloating, blood inward stool, fluid inward the abdomen, or nausea, fatigue, feeling tired, or loss of appetite, bleeding, spider web of swollen blood vessels inward the skin, or weight loss | Stop using illicit drugs. Be cautious most torso piercing as well as tattooing. Practice safer sex. |
| Pathogen: | Blood-to-blood contact Most infections inward Commonwealth of Australia are associated with: · immigration from a high prevalence province (a province where hepatitis B as well as D are to a greater extent than common) · sharing injecting equipment | Abdominal pain, nausea as well as fatigue. Pain inward the abdomen, fatigue, nausea, or yellowish peel as well as eyes | Hepatitis B vaccination volition preclude infection alongside hepatitis D |
| Pathogen: | Faecal-oral · Faeces containing the virus are transferred to some other person’s mouth. · Travel to countries where hepatitis E is endemic. · From meaning adult woman to her fetus · Through infected blood transfusion | Jaundice, lack of appetite as well as nausea. In rare cases, it may progress to needlelike liver failure. Pain inward the abdomen or joints, nausea, pale faeces, or vomiting, fatigue, fever, or loss of appetite, dark urine or yellowish peel as well as eyes | There is currently no vaccine available |
| Pathogen: Herpes simplex virus 1 & 2 (HSV-1 & HSV-2) | HSV-1 is mainly transmitted past times oral-to-oral contact to drive oral herpes (which tin include symptoms known every bit “cold sores”), but tin also drive genital herpes. HSV-2 is a sexually transmitted infection that causes genital herpes. | Oral herpes infection is mostly asymptomatic. Symptoms include painful blisters or opened upwards sores inward or around the mouth. Sores on the lips (“cold sores”). Infected persons experience a tingling, itching or burning sensation around their mouth, earlier the appearance of sores. After initial infection, the blisters or ulcers tin periodically recur. Genital herpes caused past times HSV-1 tin endure asymptomatic. When symptoms create occur, genital herpes is characterised past times 1 or to a greater extent than genital or anal blisters or ulcers. Itching, swelling, emission of fluid from swelling, headache, fatigue, overall gloomy mental state | Antiviral medications, such every bit acyclovir, famciclovir, as well as valacyclovir, are the most effective medications available. These assistance to bring down the severity as well as frequency of symptoms, but cannot cure the infection. |
17. Herpes zoster (Shingles) | Very rare inward children as well as adults, but its incidence is high inward the elderly, every bit good every bit inward whatever historic menstruation grouping of immuno-compromised patients. | Affects the nervous arrangement alongside or without appearance of a rash on the skin Painful blisters over the surface area of a dermatome. | Several antiviral medicines—acyclovir, valacyclovir, as well as famciclovir. Vaccination |
| Pathogen: Orthomyxoviridae solid unit of measurement (Influenza virus A & B)- RNA virus | 24-72 hrs Infection past times air (nasal discharge) | Onset of fever for a calendar week accompanied past times severe torso ache as well as hurting alongside sore throat. | Sulphanomide drugs |
19. Jaundice Pathogen: Virus | Contaminated water | Virus attacks liver, loss of appetite, vomiting as well as fever; bilirubin as well as biliverdin growth inward blood. Eyes as well as peel becomes yellow. Patient passes yellowish urine as well as white stool | Complete residual alongside high saccharide as well as fatty complimentary diet required. |
| Pathogen: Rubeola or Measles virus (genus Morbillivirus) | 10-12 days Contagious & droplet infection. Infection through air | Rubeolla (Skin eruption) similar to prickly oestrus called Koplic spots; cold, headache followed past times coughing fever as well as sneezes | Passive immunity past times gamma-globulin as well as active immunity past times Edmonston B vaccine. Isolation. Antibiotics & sulpha drugs |
21. Meningitis (Viral) Pathogen: Coxsackie or Echovirus groups of enteroviruses | Contagious, because the viruses are easily passed betwixt people. Enteroviruses are introduce inward the feces, mucus, as well as saliva of infected people, as well as are transmitted through straight contact alongside an infected soul or surface. | Inflammation of the protective membranes roofing the nervous system. Intense headache, fever, loss of appetite, intolerance to low-cal as well as sound, rigidity of the muscles especially of neck. In severe cases: convulsions, vomiting, delirium leading to death. | Prolonged bed rest, darkness, as well as quiet. No drugs against viral meningitis. |
| Pathogen: | 10-25 days Contagious & droplet infection. In children | Inflammation of parotid glands, painful glands of body. May assault testes causing sterility | Aspirin to command fever as well as pain; alive attenuated mumps virus vaccine |
| Pathogen: Poliovirus (Picorna virus) | 14-30 days Direct as well as oral. Hosts: Man as well as monkey. Enters torso through contaminated nutrient as well as water. | Infection spreads through blood as well as lymphatic system, reaches CNS; Muscles create non larn impulses as well as larn atrophied that Pb to permanent paralysis of arms as well as legs. Virus also attacks respiratory centres inward medulla of brain. | Salk vaccine, Sabin vaccine (OPV or Oral Polio Vaccine) Physiotherapy |
| Pathogen: Rabies virus (‘street virus’ or Rhabdo virus) | 2-6 weeks Host: man Vectors: Rabid dogs, vampire bats, jackals as well as wolves (in Iran) | High fever, severe as well as painful spasms of muscles as well as larynx at the sight of liquids. Acute encephalitis. Death occurs due to convulsions as well as paralysis. | First given past times Louis Pasteur (with fourteen injections). i.e. Duck Embryo (DE) rabies vaccine. |
| Pathogen: Rift Valley fever virus | Incubation period: 2-6 days Transmitted from animals to adult man past times mosquitoes | Symptoms resemble to influenza. Fever, generalized weakness, dorsum pain, as well as dizziness at the onset of the illness. Typically, patients recover within ii days to ane calendar week after onset of illness. | No vaccines are currently available for human vaccination |
26. SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) Pathogen: | Close contact alongside respiratory droplets containing the SARS virus | Fever, lethargy, myalgia, cough, sore throat, gastrointestinal symptoms | Antibiotics are ineffective, every bit SARS is a viral disease. Treatment of SARS is largely supportive alongside antipyretics, supplemental oxygen as well as mechanical ventilation every bit needed. There is no vaccine to date |
| Pathogen: Variola major (more deadly form) or Variola minor | 10-14 days Contagious & droplet infection Host: Man. Infection occurs at the fourth dimension of falling of scabs. | Fever for 3 days, thus rashes come upwards out, most abundant as well as earliest on face, lesions on mucus membrane within mouth. Papules are intradermal. Occasionally blindness due to corneal ulcerations as well as infertility inward manful soul survivors. Persistent peel scarring - pockmarks - is nearly universal | Anti Variola vaccine (cause active immunity) No illustration reported after 1978 |
28. Swine Flu (H1N1) or Pig Influenza Pathogen: H1N1 virus | Contact alongside pigs, coughing & sneeze of infected person | Fever, cough, sore throat, chills, weakness as well as torso aches. Pain inward the muscles, dry out cough, high fever, or malaise, runny olfactory organ or sneezing, headache or sore throat. Children, meaning women as well as the elderly are at gamble for severe infection. | Stay dwelling if you're sick. Wash your hands thoroughly as well as frequently. Cover your oral fissure as well as olfactory organ when y'all sneeze or cough. Avoid contact. Reduce exposure within your household. |
| Pathogen: Yellow fever virus (an arbovirus) | Transmitted past times mosquitoes especially Aedes aegypti | Hemorrhagic illness Degeneration of the tissues of liver as well as kidneys. Chills, headache, hurting inward the dorsum as well as limbs, fever, vomiting, constipation, reduced current of urine, jaundice | Vaccination |
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