BIOLOGY ZNOTES

Revised Printed Notes Molecular Basis of Inheritance (PDF Printed note)  Download

PROTEINS Proteins are polypeptides. i.e., linear chains of amino acids linked past times peptide bonds. A Peptide bond is formed when –COOH grouping of 1 amino acid reacts alongside –NH 2 grouping of side past times side amino acid past times releasing a molecule of H2O (dehydration). Proteins are Heteropolymer of amino acids. i.e, unlike types of amino acids are linked through peptide bonds to shape protein. There are xx types of amino acids involved inward protein synthesis. They are Alanine (Ala)   Arginine (Arg)   Asparagine (Asn)   Aspartic acid (Asp) )  Cystein (Cys)   Glutamine (Gln)   Glutamic acid (Glu)   Glycine (Gly)   Histidine (His)   Isoleucine (Ile)  Leucine (Leu) Lysine (Lys) Methionine (Met) Phenyl alanine (Phe Proline (Pro) Serine (Ser) Threonine (Thr) Tryptophan (Trp) Tyrosine (Tyr) Valine (Val) Amino acids are two types: Essential amino acids:  They cannot hold upward...

ENZYMES Enzymes are biological catalysts which influence biochemical reactions. All enzymes are proteins only all proteins are non enzymes because at that spot are proteins other than enzymes. Ribozymes:  These are the Nucleic acids (RNA) that bear similar enzymes. The heart together with mortal on which the enzyme acts is known every bit substrate. Enzymes are specific. i.e, Each enzyme tin exclusively acts on a specific substrate.  The third construction of an enzyme has about crevices (pockets) called ‘active site’ into which the substrate fits. Inorganic catalysts function at high temperature & pressure. But enzymes larn damaged at high temperature. (> 40 0 C). Thermophilic organisms accept enzymes which are stable at high temperature (up to 80-90 0 C). Carbonic anhydrase is the fastest enzyme. It accelerates the next reaction 10 1000000 times. CO 2 + H 2 O carbonic anhydrase H 2 CO 3 In the absence of enzyme, exclusively 200 molecu...